Spectrum-effect Relationship of Choleretic Effect of Gardeniae Fructus Extract Based on Principal Component Analysis and Gray Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effective substance of the choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus，and analyze the relationships between its choleretic effect and the HPLC fingerprint chromatogram. Method:HPLC method was applied to establish the fingerprint chromatography of 8 batches of Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest periods. The flow，the content of bile acid，bilirubin and cholesterol in bile were tested，and then the principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the total choleretic effects of Gardeniae Fructus. After the relationships between the relative peak area of the common peaks and the choleretic effects were explored using grey relationship analysis method，the spectrum-effect relationship of Gardeniae Fructus was established. Result:The order of the contribution of the chemical components to the choleretic effect at the common peaks was as follow（r>0.8）：P9>P14>P26>P4>P30>P6>P1>P10>P5>P24. Among all peaks，the full wavelength scanning results implied that the peaks 9，14 and 4 might be iridoids, and the peaks 26，30 and 24 might be crocins. By comparing with the standard substances，the peak 9 was finally identified as geniposide. Conclusion:The choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus may be the results of multiple components and pathways，and the main components in Gardeniae Fructus with the choleretic effect was from geniposide. In conclusion，these results provide a reference for investigating the material basis of choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus.

Clinical effect of letrozole in treatment of idiopathic short stature in adolescent boys / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of letrozole in the treatment of adolescent boys with idiopathic short stature (ISS).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 16 adolescent boys with ISS who had a bone age of ≥14 years. Among these boys, 8 were initially treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), followed by rhGH combined with letrozole during a bone age of 14-15.5 years. The other 8 boys were initially treated with rhGH combined with letrozole since their bone age was ≥14 years at diagnosis. Of the 16 boys, 16 were treated for not less than 6 months, 12 were treated for not less than 1 year, and 5 were treated for not less than 1.5 years. The increase in bone age, predicted adult height (PAH), final adult height, sex hormones, and adverse reactions after treatment were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#After 6 months, 1 year, and 1.5 years of treatment, median bone age was increased by 0 year, 0.5 year, and 0.5 year respectively, which was significantly lower than the increase in age (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In adolescent boys with ISS and a high bone age, rhGH combined with letrozole can safely and effectively delay the increase in bone age and improve PAH and final adult height, with little adverse effect.

Expression and Significance of Serum Mir-132 in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Cognitive Impairment / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To explore the relationship between the miR- 132 expression in serum and cognitive deficits of OSA. 【Methods】 66 Chinese adults age 30 to 60 years old were enrolled and categorized into two groups based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA）scores： OSA patients with cognitive impairment（OSAI，n=36），OSA patients without cognitive impairment（OSAN，n=30），and thirty adults without OSA as healthy control group（HC，n=30）. Out- of- center cardiopulmonary sleep testing （OCST） and MoCA assessment were performed and the relative expression of miR-132 in serum was detected by PCR.【Results】No significant difference was observed in age，education，gender and hypertension（P>0.05）. The relative expression level of miR-132 was significantly up-regulated in OSAI patient′s serum compared to the OSAN and HC patients （P<0.001），and had a positive correlation with MoCA score （r=- 0.726，P<0.001）. ROC analyses showed that the areas under the curve（AUC）were statistically significant from the line of identity in OSA with cognitive impairment（AUC=0.935，95% CI：0.890- 0.981，P<0.001）and in OSA（AUC=0.787，95% CI：0.695-0.879，P<0.001）.【Conclusions】Elevated serum miR-132 expression levels are closely related to the diagnosis of OSA and its cognitive dysfunction. Detection of serum miR- 132 may be a potential indicator of cognitive dysfunction and diagnosis in OSA patients.

Establishment of an ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma model in mice with intrauterine growth retardation / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish and evaluate an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced bronchial asthma model in mice with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and to explore the molecular mechanism of relationship between IUGR and asthma.@*METHODS@#A total of 16 pregnant BALB/c female mice were divided into a low-protein diet group (n=8) and a normal-protein diet group (n=8), which were fed with low-protein (8%) diet and normal-protein (20%) diet respectively. The neonatal mice were weighed 6 hours after birth. Sixteen male neonatal mice with IUGR were randomly chosen from the low-protein diet group and enrolled in the IUGR group, and 16 male neonatal mice from the normal-protein diet group were enrolled in the control group. Blood samples were collected from the mice in both groups for testing of blood glucose. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine serum insulin level. The mice in the control group were randomized into a control + PBS group and a control + OVA group (n=8 each). The mice in the IUGR group were randomized into an IUGR + PBS group and an IUGR + OVA group (n=8 each). Six-week-old mice in the control + OVA and IUGR + OVA groups were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/mL OVA for sensitization and aerosol inhalation of 1% OVA for challenge. Mice in the control + PBS group and the IUGR + PBS group were treated with an equivalent amount of PBS. ELISA was used to determine serum IgE level in the mice in each group. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLF) was collected from the mice in each group for cell counting. The lung tissue of the mice in each group was stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe pathological changes.@*RESULTS@#The body weight at 6 hours after birth was significantly lower for neonatal mice in the low-protein diet group compared with those in the normal-protein diet group (P<0.01). The IUGR group had a significantly lower serum insulin level than the control group (P<0.01). The IUGR + PBS group had a significantly lower IgE level than the control + PBS group (P<0.01). Compared with the control + PBS and IUGR + PBS groups, the control + OVA and IUGR + OVA groups had a significantly increased IgE level, and the IgE level was significantly higher in the IUGR + OVA group than in the control + OVA group (P<0.01). Compared with the control + PBS and IUGR + PBS groups, the control + OVA and IUGR + OVA groups had significantly increased counts of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the BLF (P<0.01). The pulmonary alveoli of OVA-induced IUGR mice showed massive inflammatory cell infiltration and damage of intercellular continuity. Meanwhile, airway epithelial cell proliferation, bronchial wall thickening, bronchial lumen narrowing, and massive inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi and the vascular wall were observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#An OVA-induced bronchial asthma model has been successfully established in the mice with IUGR induced by low-protein diet, which provides a basis for further study of the molecular mechanism of relationship between IUGR and airway inflammation.

17α-Hydroxylase deficiency with severe hypertension as the initial symptom in a child / 中国当代儿科杂志

A 14-year-old female (social gender) patient was admitted to the hospital due to severe hypertension for 11 days. The patient had primary amenorrhea. The blood pressure was 146/90 mm Hg. The skin color was slightly black. The development of secondary sexual characteristics was poor. The labia majora could be observed in the vulva. However, the labia minora, clitoris, vagina, and hymen were absent. The levels of renin, cortisol, and sex hormone were low, while the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and gonadotropin were high. The levels of blood potassium and aldosterone were both normal. Radiography indicated retardation of bone age. Ultrasound examination revealed that the ovary and uterus were both absent. The patient had bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and cryptorchid testes located in both inguinal canals. The patient had a 46,XY karyotype. Whole genome sequencing revealed two homozygous mutations, c.985T>C and c.987delC, in exon 6 of the CYP17A1 gene of the patient and heterozygous mutations in the same sites of the parents. The patient was diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia-17α-hydroxylase deficiency. After treatment with hydrocortisone for 2 months, blood pressure returned to normal and the level of adrenocorticotropic hormone was reduced. According to the request of the patient and the parents, hydrocortisone was replaced with estrogen to allow the patient to live as a female. The patient also received surgical excision of cryptorchid testes to prevent gonadal malignancy. It is concluded that in the differential diagnosis of pediatric hypertension, sexual development should be considered and the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol should be evaluated. The rare disease 17α-hydroxylase deficiency should be considered for patients with low-renin hypertension and gonadal dysgenesis.

Clinical Study on Electro-acupuncture Treatment of Migraine in Surface Projection Zone of the Pyramid Decussation / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effects of electro-acupuncture in surface projection zone of the pyramid decussation in treatment of migraine. Methods Totally 120 patients with migraine who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into four groups as projection zone group, ordinary acupuncture group, western medicine group and non-acupoint group, with 30 cases in each group. Projection zone group was treated with electro-acupuncture in pyramidal cross area (from Yuzhen to Tianzhu); Ordinary acupuncture group was treated with routine point locating according to acupuncture therapeutics; Non-acupoint group was treated with 2 inch acupoints opened beside projection zone, and 3 groups were treated with electro-acupuncture (8–20 mA, 2/100 Hz) for 30 min. Western medicine group was treated with diclofenac sodium enteric-coated table. The treatment course was 10 day. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, TCM syndrome score, self-rating anxiety scale score (SAS) and self-rating depression scale score (SDS) were evaluated before and after treatment. The therapeutic effects of the four groups were compared and analyzed. Results The total effective rate of projection zone group was 93.33%, which was obviously better than the ordinary acupuncture group (86.67%), western medicine group (70.00%) and non-acupoint group (63.33%), with statistical significance (χ2=24.440, P=0.004). Compared with before treatment, the VAS score and TCM syndrome scores in the four groups after treatment decreased significantly (P<0.05). The VAS score in the projection zone group after treatment was significantly lower than the other three groups, and the TCM syndrome scores were significantly lower than the western medicine group and non-acupoint group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the SDS score in the non-acupoint group and SAS and SDS scores in the other three groups decreased significantly, with statistical significance (P<0.05). SAS and SDS scores in projection zone group after treatment was significantly lower than the other three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The method of electro-acupuncture in surface projection zone of the pyramid decussation has obviously clinical effects, and can reduce the occurrence of bad mood.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation by different pathways and stem cell tracing by bioluminescence imaging in the treatment of ischemic brain injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can effectively promote the recovery of neurological function in animal models of ischemic brain injury. However, it is unclear on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and the optimal transplantation way. Bioluminescence imaging has been widely used in the field of stem cell transplantation for real-time dynamic monitoring of the proliferation, migration and survival of transplanted stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the studies of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic brain injury and the recent research progress of bioluminescence imaging in the stem cell transplantation for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. METHODS: The key words were "human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, brain ischemia, bioluminescence imaging" in English and Chinese, respectively. The first author retrieved PubMed database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database for relevant articles published from January 2011 to December 2016. Literatures with repetitive content and poor relationship were excluded. A total of 98 literatures were initially retrieved, and finally 38 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can be transplanted via the vein, artery, lumbar puncture, stereotactic operation, intraventricular approach in the treatment of ischemic brain injury. They have their own merits and demerits, which mainly focus on stem cell migration range, survival rate, safety and so on. It has been found that bioluminescence imaging technology for the living is characterized by real-time dynamic monitoring, high sensitivity, high-time resolution and easy operation, which can be used to monitor the migration, proliferation and survival of transplanted stem cells in vivo. Therefore, further investigation on the mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells that are labeled by bioluminescence imaging technology and selection of the optimal transplantation approach is warranted.

A preliminary study of renal function in small-for-gestational-age infants at early stage after birth / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the renal function of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants at the early stage after birth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 preterm SGA infants, 33 full-term SGA infants, 80 preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants, and 33 full-term AGA infants were included in this study. The following indices were compared between the SGA infants and AGA infants within 48 hours after admission: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure, urine volume per body weight, and proteinuria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The preterm SGA group had a significantly lower BUN level than the preterm AGA group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in SCr level, eGFR, and blood pressure between the two groups (P>0.05). The full-term SGA group had a significantly higher SCr level and a significantly lower eGFR than the full-term AGA group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in BUN level and blood pressure between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in urine volume per body weight between the preterm SGA and preterm AGA groups (P>0.05) and between the full-term SGA and full-term AGA groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of proteinuria between the preterm SGA and preterm AGA groups (P>0.05). Proteinuria was not present in the SGA full-term and AGA full-term groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SCr and eGFR can be used as the diagnostic indices for early renal damage of SGA infants. The renal function is worse in full-term SGA infants than in full-term AGA infants.</p>

Surgical strategies for treatment of T1b gallbladder cancers diagnosed intraoperatively or postoperatively / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the surgical strategies for the treatment of T1 b gallbladder cancer patients diagnosed intraoperatively or postoperatively.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 42 patients with T1 b gallbladder cancers was performed.There were 14 patients diagnosed intraoperatively and 28 patients diagnosed postoperatively.The reevaluations of T stages were conducted in the 28 T1 b gallbladder cancer patients diagnosed postoperatively by the professional pathologist.After T stage reevaluation,25 confirmed T1 b patients with complete follow-up data were divided into simple cholecystectomy group and radical resection group,and the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups were analyzed.Results:Only 2 of the 14 T1 b gallbladder cancer patients diagnosed by the intraoperative frozen specimen proved to be T1b on postoperative paraffin pathology,and for the remaining 13 patients,T2 was in 11 patients,and T3 in one patient.The rate of misdiagnosis was 85.7％ by the intraoperative frozen specimens,postoperative T stages were equal or higher than intraoperative T stages.Two of the 28 postoperatively diagnosed T1b patients were proved to be T2 after reevaluation,the rate of misdiagnosis was 7.1％,the reevaluated T stages were equal to or higher than the previous stages.Twenty-five confirmed T1 b gallbladder cancer patients had complete follow-up data,11 of whom underwent simple cholecystectomy and the remaining 14 radical resections.No patient had vessel or perineural invasion on pathology in the 25 confirmed T1b patients.Metastasis was absent in all the 30 lymph nodes examined,which achieved from 14 patients with radical resection.The survival rate after simple cholecystectomy was comparable to that after radical resection (P =0.361).Only one patient with radical resection had abdominal cavity implantation relapse,who received gallbladder compression during operation and 2 years later died from metastasis.Conclusion:Intraoperatively diagnosed T1 b gallbladder cancer should receive radical resection.Reevaluation of the T stage is necessary and the initial step for postoperative diagnosed T1b gallbladder cancer patients.The pros and cons of radical surgery for definitive T1b patients should be carefully evaluated,and systemic chemotherapy is recommended for those with bile spillover.

Pulmonary papillary adenoma: report of two cases

Pulmonary papillary adenoma is a rare tumor. Two cases without any clinical symptoms were enrolled in our hospital. Both cases were incidentally detected in pulmonary area by imaging. Pathological examination revealed well-circumscribed nodules consisting of papillary growth of cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells lining the surface of the fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemistry [IHC] staining showed that the lining cells were diffusely positive for TTF-1, CK, p63, CK7, and Napsin A. The Ki-67 proliferation index was approximately 2%. The morphological features and the IHC profile of the tumor were in agreement with that of pulmonary papillary adenoma. Both patients are doing well without recurrence or metastasis of the tumor

A survey of pubertal development in children born with assisted reproductive technology / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status of pubertal development in children born with assisted reproductive technology (ART).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on the pubertal development data of children born with ART in Peking University Third Hospital from 1994 to 2003 (ART group). The data in the cross-sectional study "Reports on the Physical Fitness and Health Research of Chinese School Students in 2010" were used as a control. The age at menarche and the age at spermarche were compared between the two groups. The status of pubertal development in the overweight and obese children in the ART group was evaluated to investigate the correlation between pubertal development and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 200 children born with ART were enrolled in this study, and 72 of them (41 males and 31 females) completed the survey (response rate=36.0%). In the ART group, the mean age at spermarche and the mean age at menarche were 13.9 years (95%CI: 13.7-14.3 years) and 12.2 years (95%CI: 11.8-12.6 years), respectively. There were no significant differences in the age at spermarche and the age at menarche between the ART and control groups (P>0.05). In the ART group, there were no significant differences in the age at spermarche and the age at menarche between the overweight and obese children and the normal weight children (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in overweight rate and obesity rate between the children in the ART group and the adolescents in Beijing (P>0.05). In the ART group, there was no significant correlation between the age at spermarche or menarche and BMI (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>No delayed or precocious puberty is observed in children born with ART. This is consistent with the normal control data. And there is no significant correlation between pubertal development and BMI in children born with ART.</p>

HPLC fingerprint analysis for Eupolyphaga steleophaga and its adulterants / 中草药

Objective: To establish the chromatographic fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Eupolyphaga steleophaga with OPA-FMOC by on-line derivatization. Methods: Analysis was completed with a gradient elution of 0.01 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01 mol/L sodium tetraborate, pH = 8.2 (A) and methanol-acetonitrile-water was 45:45:10 (B). The wavelength was set at 338 nm from 0-24 min, and at 228 nm from 24-27 min. Efficient and symmetrical peaks were obtained with data flowrate of 1.6 mL∙min. Results: A total of 28 peaks were detected, while 15 ingredients were identified. The 18 batches of samples were classified into two groups based on the results of cluster analysis. The first category was E. sinensis and Steleophaga plancyi; The second category was Opisthoplata orientalis and it was identified as the adulterants. Conclusion: The HPLC fingerprint method is repeatable, feasible in analysis of E. steleophaga and could be used scientifically to evaluate the quality of E. steleophaga with quality control.

Diagnostic value of the propranolol-exercise provocative test for growth hormone deficiency in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the diagnostic value of the propranolol-exercise provocative test for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 120 children who received both the insulin provocative test and the propranolol-exercise provocative test due to short stature between January 2009 and March 2013. Growth hormone (GH) levels in venous blood were measured before and after the provocative test. Peak GH <10 ng/mL was defined as negative stimulation, while peak GH ≥10 ng/mL was defined as positive stimulation. The children whose peak GH levels were <10 ng/ mL after both tests were diagnosed with GHD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-nine (24.2%) of the 120 children with short stature were diagnosed with GHD. The positive rate in the insulin provocative test was 48.3%, versus 65.8% in the propranolol-exercise provocative test. The overall coincidence rate and positive coincidence rate of the two tests were 62.5% and 79.3%, respectively. The peak GH after the propranolol-exercise provocative test was significantly higher than that after the insulin provocative test (P<0.01). Peak GH occurred mostly at 30-60 minutes after the insulin provocative test, while that occurred mostly at 120 minutes after the propranolol-exercise provocative test. No adverse effects were observed in the propranolol-exercise provocative test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Coincidence rates in stimulating the secretion of GH are high between the propranolol-exercise provocative test and the insulin provocative test. Compared with the insulin provocative test, the propranolol-exercise provocative test is more likely to stimulate the secretion of GH. GHD can be clinically diagnosed by the insulin provocative test combined with the propranolol-exercise provocative test.</p>

Characteristics of R bone age, C bone age, and T bone age in children with different causes of short stature based on Tanner and Whitehouse skeletal age assessment system 2 / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of R bone age, C bone age, and T bone age in children with different causes of short stature based on the Tanner and Whitehouse skeletal age assessment system 2 (TW2), and to provide a reference for the etiological diagnosis of short stature.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and sixty-three children with previously untreated short stature were classified into four groups according to the causes: growth hormone deficiency (GHD; 27 cases), idiopathic short stature (ISS; 280 cases), small for gestational age (SGA; 41 cases), and Turner syndrome (TS; 15 cases). The X-ray films of their left hand-wrist bones were taken to determine the bone age. R bone age, C bone age, and T bone age were assessed by the TW2 method and compared with their chronological age (CA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>R bone age, C bone age, and T bone age were over 2 years less than CA in both boys and girls from the GHD group. In the ISS group, R bone age, C bone age, and T bone age were about 1 year less than CA in boys, while there were no significant differences between the bone ages and CA in girls. In the SGA group, there were no significant differences between the bone ages and CA in either boys or girls. In the TS group, R bone age and T bone age were significantly lower than CA, while there was no significant difference between C bone age and CA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The children with different causes of short stature have different characteristics of R bone age, C bone age, and T bone age assessed by the TW2 method. The assessment of R bone age, C bone age, and T bone age by the TW2 method is helpful for the etiological diagnosis of short stature in children.</p>

Effects of r-hGH replacement therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism and thyroid function in children with idiopathic short stature / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) replacement therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism and thyroid function in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven ISS children with a mean age of 10±3 years treated between January 2009 and January 2013 were enrolled. All children underwent r-hGH replacement therapy for 3-24 months and were followed up once every 3 months. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), blood lipids and thyroid function were measured before treatment and after 0-1 and 1-2 years of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment with r-hGH, there were no significant changes in FBG, INS, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and FBG/INS ratio (FGIR), but the FGIR showed a declining trend. The percentage of patients with FGIR<7 (a marker of insulin resistance) was 13% before treatment compared to 18% 1-2 years after treatment. The atherosclerosis index decreased after r-hGH treatment, but there were no significant changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and BMI. Furthermore, no significant change in thyroid function was observed after r-hGH therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>r-hGH therapy can improve lipid metabolism, without significant impacts on thyroid function, FBG and INS. It seems to be a safe and reliable therapy for children with ISS. However, this therapy possibly reduces insulin sensitivity.</p>

Risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective case-control study was performed on 244 preterm infants who received parenteral nutrition (PN) for over 14 days from January 2000 to October 2011.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those without PNAC (n=221), preterm infants with PNAC (n=23) had a longer total duration of PN, a higher total amino acid intake, a higher total lipid intake, a higher maximum daily amino acid intake, a higher maximum daily lipid intake, a higher intravenous calorie intake on the 14th day of PN, a lower birth weight and higher incidence rates of neonatal infection and anemia. Compared with those with PNAC, preterm infants without PNAC who showed a higher total amino acid intake also had a higher total lipid intake, a longer total duration of PN, a higher rate of mechanical ventilation and a lower gestational age. The preterm infants without PNAC who showed a higher total lipid intake also had a lower gestational age. Preterm infants without PNAC who showed a longer total duration of PN also had a lower gestational age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Total duration of PN, total amino acid intake, maximum daily amino acid intake, total lipid intake, maximum daily lipid intake, intravenous calorie intake on the 14th day of PN, low birth weight, and neonatal infection and anemia are the risk factors for PNAC. Other risk factors need further investigation.</p>

Cockayne syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease. This paper reports a case of Cockayne syndrome confirmed by gene analysis. The baby (male, 7 years old) was referred to Peking University Third Hospital with recurrent desquamation, pigmentation and growth and development failure for 6 years, and recurrent dental caries and tooth loss for 2 years. Physical examination showed very low body weight, body length and head circumference, yellow hair, a lot of fawn spots on the face, skin dry and less elastic, and subcutaneous lipopenia. He had an unusual appearance with sunken eyes, sharp nose, sharp mandible, big auricle and dental caries and tooth loss. Crura spasticity and ataxia with excessive tendon reflexion, and ankle movement limitation while bending back were observed. He had slured speech. The level of serum insulin like growth factor I was low, and the results of blood and urinary amino acid analysis suggested malnutrition. The results of blood growth hormone, thyroxin, parathyroxin, liver function, renal function, lipoprotein profile and blood glucose and electrolytes were all within normal limit. An electronic hearing examination showed moderate neural hearing loss. The sonogram of eyes revealed small eye axis and vitreous body opacity of right side. MRI of brain revealed bilateral calcification of basal ganglia and generalized cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and brainstem and callus were also atrophic. Genetic analysis confirmed with CSA gene mutation. So the boy was definitely diagnosed with Cockayne syndrome. He was discharged because of no effective treatment.

Surveillance on the health status regarding vector-borne disease among people living in the three gorges reservoir area (1997-2009) / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the impact on the health status of population in the area where the ‘Three Gorges Reservoir Water Storage Project' had been operated and to provide references for the development of related disease control strategies.Methods In the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,17 towns/streets in nine counties were chosen as surveillance points.Data on surveillance program would include infectious diseases,birth,death,biological agents etc.Methods related to time and spatial analysis and the comparison on pre- and post- water storage were used to analyze and describe the long-term changing trend of meteorological index,distribution of biological agent and diseases,and human health status.Relationships between number of infectious diseases and media biological density and meteorological parameters were also analyzed.Results When the water storage program came into being in 2003,the indoor (2.22％) and outdoor (2.76％) densities of rats were significantly lower than pre-water storage period (indoor 4.38％ vs.outdoor 4.43％) and the annual average density of mosquito (35.09 mosquitoes per room and per hour) was also lower than before (54.24 mosquitoes per room and per hour).The incidence rates of encephalitis B,malaria,leptospirosis,and hemorrhagic fever had reduces 22.88％,84.85％,95.03％ and 81.82％ than before.The incidence rates of malaria,leptospirosis,and hemorrhagic fever were all below 0.4/100 000 and the incidence of encephalitis B was below 2/100 000.The average infant mortality was 11.83‰.The annual infant mortalities,after adjusted by missing report numbers,were between 13.07‰ and 23.88‰ which were lower than the national annual average level.The thirteen year standard mortalities were 3.77‰-5.12‰,with the total rate lower than the national average level in the same years.Conclusion In 2003,the incidence rates of malaria,encephalitis B,leptospirosis,epidemic hemorrhagic fever kept going down in the surveillance sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,and the overall population's health status was well enough to show that there was no negative impact on the health status of population living in the area after the water storage project was inplemented.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and their association with growth and development in infants aged 1-24 months / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and their association with growth and development in infants aged 1-24 mouths.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 525 healthy infants (125 preterm, 400 term) were enrolled. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured using ELISA 1.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months after birth. The body weight and body length were simultaneously measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum IGF-1 levels were the lowest in preterm infants 1.5 months after birth (86+/-60 ng/mL). Thereafter, serum IGF-1 levels increased, and were significantly higher than those in term infants between 4 and 12 months after birth. Serum IGF-1 levels in term infants were the highest (116+/-52 ng/mL) 1.5 months after birth during their life of 12 months old. Thereafter, serum IGF-1 levels decreased and reached to a nadir (69+/-58 ng/mL) 8 months after birth. IGF-I levels were positively correlated with the weight and the height (SDS) in both preterm and term infants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum IGF-1 levels are closely associated with growth and development in infants.</p>

Follow-up study on children with urinary calculi associated with exposure to melamine-contaminated formula / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the prognosis of the children with urinary calculi associated with exposure to melamine-contaminated formula.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A follow-up study was performed in 47 out-patients from the Third Hospital of Peking University who were diagnosed with urinary calculi associated with exposure to melamine-contaminated formula. Urinary tract B-ultrasound and renal function examinations were done during the 1 to 6-month follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By the 6th month of follow-up, spontaneous stone passage was found in 36 children (77%). The follow-up failed in four children. None of the patients had any complications. Spontaneous stone passage was not associated with the volume and the period exposed to melamine in formula, but was associated with the location of calculi. The time to spontaneous stone passage in boys appeared to be longer than in girls, but there were no statistical differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Spontaneous stone passage can be found in most children and the prognosis of children with urinary calculi associated with exposure to melamine-contaminated formula is good.</p>